Debate heats up over proposed Sikkim-Darjeeling merger

The proposed merger of Sikkim and Darjeeling has triggered widespread debates, with particular focus on the significant demographic disparities between the two regions. While proponents argue the merger could lead to better development and resource sharing, critics fear it may erode Sikkim’s unique identity and overwhelm its population.

As per the 2011 Census, Sikkim has a population of 6,10,577, which is only one-third of Darjeeling’s 18,46,823. This vast difference suggests a potential dominance of Darjeeling in any merged administrative framework. By 2031, Darjeeling’s population is expected to touch 22 lakhs, compared to Sikkim’s projected 7.37 lakhs. Sikkim’s low fertility rate of 1.1 (2022), well below the replacement level, stands in sharp contrast to Darjeeling’s higher rate of 2.1.

The merger could also pose challenges for Sikkim’s indigenous Bhutia, Lepcha, Tamang, and Limbu communities, whose smaller numbers may face marginalization. Sikkim’s Nepali population of 5,02,734 is dwarfed by Darjeeling’s 11,61,807 Nepalis.

Darjeeling’s population density (586 people per sq km) is significantly higher than Sikkim’s (86 per sq km). A merger could lead to increased migration from Darjeeling, causing overcrowding in Sikkim’s urban centers and pressuring its infrastructure. Rural areas may also witness land scarcity and resource competition.

Sikkim’s per capita income (₹1,94,624 in 2013-14) far surpasses Darjeeling’s ₹87,695, indicating better economic conditions. Sikkim enjoys higher literacy (82.2%) and superior infrastructure, such as electricity coverage (93.2% vs. Darjeeling’s 77.7%). However, Darjeeling’s youth, with competitive educational backgrounds, may outpace Sikkim’s residents in securing jobs and opportunities in the merged entity.

Darjeeling’s larger electorate (11.97 lakhs compared to Sikkim’s 4.66 lakhs) would likely dominate political representation. The loss of Sikkim’s Article 371F privileges, which protect Bhutia-Lepcha reserved seats, could further dilute political influence for Sikkim’s indigenous communities.

While the merger may benefit Darjeeling’s development, Sikkim risks losing its distinct identity and autonomy. Any decision must strike a balance between progress and preserving cultural, demographic, and economic equity for both regions.

( This news piece is the opinion of S.D. Tshering, Retd. Director General, DESM&E. )